Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of the Individual

life, liberty, security of the person and the protection of the law;

life, liberty, security of the person and the protection of the law;

freedom of conscience, of expression and of assembly and association; and

freedom of conscience, of expression, and of assembly and association; and

protection for the privacy of his home and other property and from deprivation of property without compensation, the subsequent provisions of this Chapter shall have effect for the purpose of affording protection to the aforesaid rights and freedoms subject to such limitations of that protection as are contained in those provisions, being limitations designed to ensure that the enjoyment of the said rights and freedoms by any individual does not prejudice the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest.

protection for the privacy of your home and other property, and protection from having your property taken away without compensation. The rest of this Chapter protects these rights and freedoms, subject to the limits set out in those Articles. Those limits are designed to make sure that one person's enjoyment of these rights and freedoms does not harm the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest.

for the defence of any person from violence or for the defence of property;

to defend any person from violence, or to defend property;

in order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained;

to carry out a lawful arrest, or to stop a lawfully detained person from escaping;

for the purpose of suppressing a riot, insurrection or mutiny; or

to put down a riot, insurrection (an uprising against authority) or mutiny; or

in order to prevent the commission by tat person of a criminal offence, or if he dies as a result of a lawful act of war.

to stop that person from committing a criminal offence. The same applies if the person dies as a result of a lawful act of war.

any labour required in consequence of the sentence or order of a court;

any labour required as a result of the sentence or order of a court;

any labour required of a member of a disciplined force in pursuance of his duties as such or, in the case of a person who has conscientious objections to service in a naval, military or air force, any labour which that person is required by law to perform in place of such service;

any labour required of a member of a disciplined force (a military, police or prison service, as defined in Article 31) as part of that member's duties, or, for a person who has conscientious objections to serving in a naval, military or air force, any labour that the law requires that person to do instead of such service;

labour required of any person while he is lawfully detained which, though not required in consequence of the sentence or order of a court, is reasonably necessary in the interests of hygiene or for the maintenance of the place in which he is detained; or

labour required of a person while lawfully detained which, although not required by the sentence or order of a court, is reasonably necessary for hygiene or for the upkeep of the place where the person is detained; or

any labour required during a period of public emergency (that is to say, a period to which Article 29 of this Constitution applies) or in the event of any other emergency or calamity that threatens the life or well-being of the community, to the extent that the requiring of such labour is reasonably justifiable, in the circumstances of any situation arising or existing during that period or as a result of that other emergency or calamity, for the purpose of dealing with that situation.

any labour required during a period of public emergency (that is, a period to which Article 29 of this Constitution applies), or during any other emergency or calamity that threatens the life or well-being of the community, to the extent that requiring the labour is reasonably justifiable for dealing with any situation that arises or exists during that period or as a result of that other emergency or calamity.

in execution of the sentence or order of a court, whether established for The Bahamas or some other country, in respect of a criminal offence of which he has been convicted or in consequence of his unfitness to plead to a criminal charge or in execution of the order of a court on the grounds of his contempt of that court or of another court or tribunal;

to carry out the sentence or order of a court, whether a court of The Bahamas or of another country, for a criminal offence of which the person has been convicted, or because the person is unfit to plead to a criminal charge, or to carry out a court's order made because the person is in contempt of that court or of another court or tribunal;

in execution of the order of a court made in order to secure the fulfillment of any obligation imposed upon him by law;

to carry out a court order made to make sure the person fulfils an obligation that the law places on them;

for the purpose of bringing him before a court in execution of the order of a court;

to bring the person before a court as ordered by a court;

upon reasonable suspicion of his having committed, or of being about to commit, a criminal offence;

on reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, or is about to commit, a criminal offence;

in the case of a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years, for the purpose of his education or welfare;

in the case of a person under eighteen years of age, for the person's education or welfare;

for the purpose of preventing the spread of an infectious or contagious disease or in the case of a person who is, or is reasonably suspected to be, of unsound mind, addicted to drugs or alcohol, or a vagrant, for the purpose of his case or treatment of the protection of the community;

to prevent the spread of an infectious or contagious disease, or, in the case of a person who is, or is reasonably suspected to be, of unsound mind, addicted to drugs or alcohol, or a vagrant (a person with no settled home or work), for that person's care or treatment or for the protection of the community;

for the purpose of preventing the unlawful entry of that person into The Bahamas or for the purpose of effecting the expulsion, extradition or other lawful removal from the Bahamas of that person or the taking of proceedings relating thereto; and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, a law may, for the purposes of this sub-paragraph, provide that a person who is not a citizen of The Bahamas may be deprived of this liberty to such extent as may be necessary in the execution of a lawful order requiring that person to remain within a specified area within The Bahamas or prohibiting him from being within such an area.

to prevent the person from entering The Bahamas unlawfully, or to carry out the person's expulsion, extradition (handing over to another country to face justice there) or other lawful removal from The Bahamas, or to take proceedings relating to such removal. Without limiting this, a law may, for the purposes of this sub-paragraph, provide that a person who is not a citizen of The Bahamas may be deprived of liberty as far as necessary to carry out a lawful order that requires the person to stay within a specified area of The Bahamas, or that forbids the person from being within such an area.

he shall, as soon as reasonably practicable and in any case not more than five days after the commencement of his detention, be furnished with a statement in writing, in a language that he understands, of the grounds upon which he is detained;

as soon as reasonably practicable, and in any case not more than five days after the detention begins, the person must be given a written statement, in a language they understand, of the grounds on which they are detained;

not more than fourteen days after the commencement of his detention, a notification shall be published in the Gazette stating that he has been detained and giving particulars of the provisions of law under which his detention is authorized;

not more than fourteen days after the detention begins, a notice must be published in the Gazette stating that the person has been detained and giving details of the provisions of law under which the detention is authorised;

he may from time to time request that his case be reviewed under sub-paragraph (d) of this paragraph but, where he has made such a request, no subsequent request shall be made before the expiration of three months from the making of the previous request;

the person may from time to time ask for their case to be reviewed under sub-paragraph (d) of this paragraph, but once the person has made such a request, no further request can be made until three months have passed since the previous request;

where a request is made under sub-paragraph (c) of this paragraph, the case shall, within one month of the making of the request, be reviewed by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law, presided over by the Chief Justice or another Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by him, and consisting of persons who are Justices of the Supreme Court or who are qualified to be appointed as Justices of the Supreme Court;

when a request is made under sub-paragraph (c) of this paragraph, the case must be reviewed within one month of the request by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The tribunal is presided over by the Chief Justice, or by another Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by the Chief Justice, and is made up of people who are Justices of the Supreme Court or who are qualified to be appointed as Justices of the Supreme Court;

he shall be afforded reasonable facilities to consult and instruct, at his own expense, a legal representative of his own choice, and he and any such legal representative shall be permitted to make written or oral representations or both to the tribunal appointed for the review of his case.

the person must be given reasonable facilities to consult and instruct, at their own expense, a legal representative of their own choice, and the person and any such legal representative must be allowed to make written or spoken representations, or both, to the tribunal appointed to review the case.

shall be presumed to be innocent until he is proved or has pleaded guilty;

must be presumed innocent until proved guilty or until they plead guilty;

shall be informed as soon as reasonably practicable, in a language that he understands and in detail, of the nature of the offence charged;

must be told as soon as reasonably practicable, in a language they understand and in detail, the nature of the offence they are charged with;

shall be given adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence;

must be given adequate time and facilities to prepare their defence;

shall be permitted to defend himself before the court in person or, at his own expense, by a legal representative of his own choice or by a legal representative at the public expense where so provided by or under a law in force in The Bahamas;

must be allowed to defend themselves before the court in person, or, at their own expense, through a legal representative of their own choice, or through a legal representative paid for from public funds where this is provided for by or under a law in force in The Bahamas;

shall be afforded facilities to examine in person or by his legal representative the witnesses called by the prosecution before the court, and to obtain the attendance and carry out the examination of witnesses to testify on his behalf before the court on the same condition as those applying to witnesses called by the prosecution;

must be given facilities to examine (question), in person or through their legal representative, the witnesses called by the prosecution before the court, and to have their own witnesses attend and be examined before the court on the same conditions as those that apply to witnesses called by the prosecution;

shall be permitted to have without payment the assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand the language used at the trial of the charge; and

must be allowed the help of an interpreter, free of charge, if they cannot understand the language used at the trial; and

shall, when charged on information in the Supreme Court, have the right to trial by jury; and except with his own consent the trial shall not take place in his absence unless he so conduct himself in the court as to render the continuance of the proceedings in his presence impracticable and the court has ordered him to be removed and the trial to proceed in his absence.

has the right to trial by jury when charged on information (a formal written charge) in the Supreme Court. The trial cannot take place in the person's absence without their consent, unless the person behaves in court in a way that makes it impracticable to continue the proceedings in their presence and the court has ordered them to be removed and the trial to go on without them.

may be empowered by law so to do and may consider necessary or expedient in circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice, or in interlocutory proceedings or in the interests of public morality, the welfare of persons under the age of eighteen years of the protection of the private live of persons concerned in the proceedings;

is empowered by law to do so and considers it necessary or advisable because publicity would prejudice the interests of justice, or in interlocutory proceedings (hearings on preliminary matters before the main trial), or in the interests of public morality, the welfare of people under eighteen years of age, or the protection of the private lives of people concerned in the proceedings;

may be empowered or required by law to do so in the interests of defence, public safety of public order; or

is empowered or required by law to do so in the interests of defence, public safety or public order; or

may be empowered or required to do so by rules of court and practice existing immediately before 10th July 1973 of by any law made subsequently to the extent that it makes provisions substantially to the same effect as provision contained in any such rules.

is empowered or required to do so by rules of court and practice that existed immediately before 10th July 1973, or by any later law to the extent that it makes provision substantially to the same effect as those rules.

sub-paragraph (2)(a) of this Article to the extent that the law in question imposes upon any person charged with a criminal offence the burden of proving particular facts;

sub-paragraph (2)(a) of this Article, to the extent that the law places on a person charged with a criminal offence the burden of proving particular facts;

sub-paragraph (2)(e) of this Article to the extent that the law in question imposes conditions that must be satisfied if discrimination on witnesses called to testify on behalf of an accused person are to be paid their expenses out of public funds;

sub-paragraph (2)(e) of this Article, to the extent that the law sets conditions that must be met before witnesses called to give evidence for an accused person can have their expenses paid from public funds;

paragraph (5) of this Article to the extent that the law in question authorizes a court to try a member of a disciplined force for a criminal offence notwithstanding any trial and conviction or acquittal of that member under the disciplinary law of that force, so, however, that any court so trying such a member and convicting him shall in sentencing him to any punishment take into account any punishment awarded him under that disciplinary law.

paragraph (5) of this Article, to the extent that the law allows a court to try a member of a disciplined force for a criminal offence even though that member has already been tried and convicted or acquitted under the disciplinary law of that force. However, a court that tries and convicts such a member must take into account, when sentencing, any punishment already given under that disciplinary law.

which is reasonably required-

that is reasonably required:

in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality, public health, town and country planning, he development of mineral resources, or the development of utilization of any other property in such a manner as to promote the public benefit; or

in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality, public health, town and country planning, the development of mineral resources, or the development or use of any other property in a way that promotes the public benefit; or

for the purpose of protecting the rights and freedoms other persons;

to protect the rights and freedoms of other people;

to enable an officer or agent of the Government of The Bahamas, a local government authority or a body corporate established by law for public purposes to enter on the premises of any person in order to inspect those premises or anything thereon for the purpose of any tax, rate or due or in order to carry out work connected with any property that is lawfully on those premises and the belongs to that Government, authority or body corporate, as the case may be; or

to allow an officer or agent of the Government of The Bahamas, a local government authority, or a body corporate (a legally recognised organisation) established by law for public purposes, to enter a person's premises in order to inspect the premises or anything on them for the purposes of any tax, rate or due, or to carry out work connected with any property that is lawfully on those premises and belongs to that Government, authority or body corporate; or

to authorize, for the purpose of enforcing the judgment or order of a court in any civil proceedings, the search of any person or property by order of a court or the entry upon any premises by such order, and except so far as that provisions or, as the case may be, the thing done under the authority thereof is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.

to authorise, for the purpose of enforcing a court's judgment or order in civil proceedings, the search of any person or property by order of a court, or entry onto any premises by such an order. These exceptions do not apply if the provision, or the thing done under it, is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.

in the interest of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health; or

in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health; or

for the purpose of protecting the rights and freedoms of other persons, including the right to observe and practice any religion without the unsolicited interference of member of any other religion, and except so far as that provision or, as the case may be, the thing done under the authority thereof is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.

to protect the rights and freedoms of other people, including the right to observe and practise any religion without unwanted interference from members of any other religion. This exception does not apply if the provision, or the thing done under it, is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.

which is reasonably required-

that is reasonably required:

in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health; or

in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health; or

for the purposes of protecting the rights, reputations and freedoms of other persons, preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, maintaining the authority and independence of the courts, or regulating telephony, telegraphy, posts, wireless broadcasting, television, public exhibitions or public entertainment; or

to protect the rights, reputations and freedoms of other people, to prevent the disclosure of information received in confidence, to maintain the authority and independence of the courts, or to regulate telephony, telegraphy, posts, wireless broadcasting, television, public exhibitions or public entertainment; or

which imposes restrictions upon persons holding office under the Crown or upon members of a disciplined force, and except so far as that provision or, as the case may be, the thing done under the authority thereof is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.

that places restrictions on people holding office under the Crown (public servants) or on members of a disciplined force. These exceptions do not apply if the provision, or the thing done under it, is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.

which is reasonably required-

that is reasonably required:

in the interest of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health; or

in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health; or

for the purpose of protecting the rights and freedoms of other persons; or

to protect the rights and freedoms of other people; or

which imposes restriction upon person s holding office under the Crown or upon members of a discipline force, and except so far as that provision or, as the case may be, the thing done under the authority thereof is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.

that places restrictions on people holding office under the Crown (public servants) or on members of a disciplined force. These exceptions do not apply if the provision, or the thing done under it, is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.

which is reasonably required-

that is reasonably required:

in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality, public health, town and country planning of the prevention of plant or animal diseases; or

in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality, public health, town and country planning, or the prevention of plant or animal diseases; or

for the purpose of protecting the rights and freedoms of other persons, and except so far as that provision or, as the case may be, the thing done under the authority thereof is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society;

to protect the rights and freedoms of other people. This exception does not apply if the provision, or the thing done under it, is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society;

for the removal of a person from The Bahamas to be tried outside The Bahamas for a criminal offence or to undergo imprisonment in some other country in respect of a criminal offence of which he has been convicted;

for removing a person from The Bahamas to be tried outside The Bahamas for a criminal offence, or to serve a prison sentence in another country for a criminal offence of which the person has been convicted;

for the imposition of restriction upon the movement of residence within The Bahamas of public officers or member of a disciplined force that are reasonably required for the purpose of the proper performance of their functions; or

for placing restrictions on the movement or residence within The Bahamas of public officers or members of a disciplined force, where the restrictions are reasonably required for the proper performance of their duties; or

for the imposition of restriction on the right of any person to leave The Bahamas of any person who is not a citizen of The Bahamas or the exclusion or expulsion therefrom of any such person; or

for placing restrictions on the movement or residence within The Bahamas of a person who is not a citizen of The Bahamas, or for excluding or expelling such a person from The Bahamas; or

for the imposition of restrictions on the right of any person to leave The Bahamas in the public interest, or for securing compliance with any international obligation of the Government of The Bahamas particulars of which have been laid before Parliament.

for placing restrictions on any person's right to leave The Bahamas in the public interest, or to secure compliance with an international obligation of the Government of The Bahamas, details of which have been laid before Parliament.

for the appropriation of revenues or other funds of The Bahamas or for the imposition of taxation (including the levying of fees for the grant of licences; or

for the appropriation (setting aside for spending) of the revenues or other funds of The Bahamas, or for imposing taxation (including charging fees for the grant of licences); or

with respect to the entry into or exclusion from, or the employment, engaging in any business or profession, movement of residence within, The Bahamas of persons who are not citizens of The Bahamas; or

about the entry into or exclusion from The Bahamas of people who are not citizens of The Bahamas, or about their employment, their carrying on of any business or profession, or their movement or residence within The Bahamas; or

with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law; or

about adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, the passing of property on death, or other matters of personal law; or

whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in paragraph (3) for this Article may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage which having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society; or

under which people of any description mentioned in paragraph (3) of this Article may be subjected to a disability or restriction, or given a privilege or advantage, that is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society having regard to its nature and to the special circumstances of those people or of people of any other such description; or

for authorizing the granting of licenses or certificates permitting the conduct of a lottery, the keeping of a gaming house or the carrying on of gambling in any of its forms subject to conditions which impose upon persons who are citizens of The Bahamas disabilities or restriction to which other persons are not made subject.

for authorising the grant of licences or certificates permitting the running of a lottery, the keeping of a gaming house or the carrying on of gambling in any form, subject to conditions that place on citizens of The Bahamas disabilities or restrictions that do not apply to other people.

in respect of any conveyance or lease or agreement for, or in consideration of, or collateral to, a conveyance or lease of any freehold or leasehold hereditament which have been offered for sale or lease to the general public;

in any conveyance (transfer of ownership) or lease of freehold or leasehold property that has been offered for sale or lease to the general public, or in any agreement for, in exchange for, or connected with such a conveyance or lease;

in respect of any covenant or provision in any conveyance or lease or agreement for, or in consideration of, or collateral to, a conveyance or lease restricting by discriminatory provision the transfer, ownership, use or occupation of any freehold or leasehold hereditament which have been offered for sale or lease to the general public.

in any covenant (binding promise) or provision in such a conveyance, lease or agreement that uses a discriminatory provision to restrict the transfer, ownership, use or occupation of freehold or leasehold property that has been offered for sale or lease to the general public.

the taking of possession or acquisition is necessary in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality, public health, town and country planning or the development or utilization of any property in such manner as to promote the public benefit or the economic well-being of the community; and

the taking of possession or acquisition is necessary in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality, public health, town and country planning, or the development or use of any property in a way that promotes the public benefit or the economic well-being of the community; and

the necessity thereof is such as to afford reasonable justification for the causing of any hardship that may result to any person having an interest in or right over the property; and

the need for it is great enough to reasonably justify any hardship that may result to any person with an interest in or right over the property; and

provision is made by a law applicable to that taking of possession or acquisition-

a law that applies to that taking of possession or acquisition provides:

for the making of prompt and adequate compensation in the circumstances; and

for prompt and adequate compensation in the circumstances; and

securing to any person having an interest in or right over the property a right of access to the Supreme Court, whether direct or on appeal from any other authority, for the determination of his interest or right, the legality of the taking of possession or acquisition of the property, interest or right, and the amount of any compensation to which he is entitled, and for the purpose of obtaining prompt payment of that compensation; and

for any person with an interest in or right over the property to have a right of access to the Supreme Court, either directly or on appeal from another authority, to decide their interest or right, the legality of the taking of possession or acquisition of the property, interest or right, and the amount of any compensation they are entitled to, and to obtain prompt payment of that compensation; and

any party to proceedings in the Supreme Court relating to such a claim is given by law the same rights of appeal as are accorded generally to parties to civil proceedings in that Court sitting as a court of original jurisdiction.

any party to proceedings in the Supreme Court about such a claim is given by law the same rights of appeal as parties generally have in civil proceedings in that Court sitting as a court of original jurisdiction (a court hearing a case for the first time).

in satisfaction of any tax, rate or due;

to pay off any tax, rate or due;

by way of penalty for breach of the law, whether under civil process or after conviction of a criminal offence under the law of The Bahamas;

as a penalty for breaking the law, whether through civil process or after conviction for a criminal offence under the law of The Bahamas;

as an incident of a lease, tenancy, mortgage, charge, bill of sale, pledge or contract;

as part of a lease, tenancy, mortgage, charge, bill of sale, pledge or contract;

upon the attempted removal of the property in question out of or into The Bahamas in contravention of any law;

when someone tries to move the property out of or into The Bahamas in breach of any law;

by way of the taking of a sample for the purposes of any law;

by taking a sample for the purposes of any law;

where the property consist of an animal upon its being found trespassing (g) in the execution of judgments or orders of courts;

where the property is an animal that is found trespassing or straying; (g) in carrying out judgments or orders of courts;

by reason of its being in a dilapidated or dangerous state of injurious to the health of human beings, animals or plants;

because it is in a dilapidated (run-down) or dangerous state, or is harmful to the health of people, animals or plants;

in consequence of any law making provision for the validation of titles to words) the confirmation of such titles, or for the extinguishment of adverse claims, or actions,

as a result of any law that validates titles to land or (without limiting that) confirms such titles, that extinguishes adverse claims (cancels competing claims to the property), or that deals with prescription (acquiring rights through long use) or time limits on bringing legal actions;

for so long only as may be necessary for the purposes of any examination, investigation, trial or inquiry or, in the case of land, the carrying out thereon-

for only as long as is necessary for any examination, investigation, trial or inquiry, or, in the case of land, for carrying out on the land:

of work or reclamation, drainage, soil conservation or the conservation of other natural resources; or

work of reclamation, drainage, soil conservation or the conservation of other natural resources; or

of agricultural development or improvement that the owner or occupier of the land has been required, and has without reasonable and lawful excuse, refused or failed to carry out; or

agricultural development or improvement that the owner or occupier of the land was required to carry out and, without reasonable and lawful excuse, refused or failed to carry out; or

to the extent that the law in question makes provision for the vesting or taking of possession or acquisition or administration of-

to the extent that the law provides for the vesting (transfer of legal ownership), taking of possession, acquisition or administration of:

enemy property;

enemy property;

property of a deceased person, a person of unsound mind of a person who has not attained the age of twenty-one years, for the purpose of its administration for the benefit of the persons entitled to the beneficial interest therein;

the property of a deceased person, a person of unsound mind, or a person under twenty-one years of age, so that it can be administered for the benefit of the people entitled to the beneficial interest in it;

property of a person adjudged insolvent or a defunct company that has been struck off the Register of Companies, of a body corporate in liquidation, for the purpose of its administration for the benefit of the creditors of that insolvent person or body corporate and, subject thereto, for the benefit of other person entitled to the beneficial interest in the property; or

the property of a person judged insolvent, or of a defunct company that has been struck off the Register of Companies, or of a body corporate in liquidation, so that it can be administered for the benefit of the creditors of that insolvent person or body corporate and, after that, for the benefit of the other people entitled to the beneficial interest in the property; or

property subject to a trust, for the purpose of vesting the property creating the trust or by a court or, by order of a court, for the purpose of giving effect to the trust.

property subject to a trust, so that it can be vested in the people appointed as trustees under the instrument that created the trust or by a court, or, by order of a court, so that the trust can be given effect.

to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of paragraph (1) of this Article; and

to hear and decide any application made by a person under paragraph (1) of this Article; and

to determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to it in pursuance of paragraph (3) of this Article, and may make such orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of the said Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive) to the protection of which the person concerned is entitled:

to decide any question arising in a person's case that is referred to it under paragraph (3) of this Article. The Court may make such orders, issue such writs (formal written court commands) and give such directions as it considers appropriate to enforce, or secure the enforcement of, any provision of Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive) whose protection the person concerned is entitled to:

The Bahamas is at war; or

The Bahamas is at war; or

there is in force a proclamation (in this section referred to as a "proclamation of emergency") made by the Governor-General and published in the Gazette declaring that a state of public emergency exists for the purposes of this section.

a proclamation (an official public declaration) made by the Governor-General and published in the Gazette is in force declaring that a state of public emergency exists for the purposes of this Article. This Article calls such a proclamation a "proclamation of emergency".

the Houses to be summoned as aforesaid shall be the Houses referred to in Article 66 of this Constitution unless the Governor-General is satisfied that it will be practicable to hold that election within seven days of the making of the proclamation of emergency; and

the Houses to be summoned are the Houses referred to in Article 66 of this Constitution, unless the Governor-General is satisfied that it will be practicable to hold that election within seven days of the making of the proclamation of emergency; and

if the Governor-General is so satisfied, he shall (instead of summoning the House so referred to meet within five days of the making of the Parliament to meet as election.

if the Governor-General is so satisfied, the Governor-General must, instead of summoning those Houses to meet within five days of the making of the proclamation, summon the Houses of the new Parliament to meet as soon as practicable after the election is held.

is a law (in this Article referred to as "an existing law") that was enacted or made before 10th July 1973 and has continued to be part (b) repeals and re-enacts an existing law without alteration; or

is a law (called "an existing law" in this Article) that was enacted or made before 10th July 1973 and has continued to be part of the law of The Bahamas at all times since that day; (b) repeals and re-enacts an existing law without alteration; or

alters an existing law and does not thereby render that law inconsistent with any provision of the said Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive) in a manner in which, or to an extent to which, it was not previously so inconsistent.

alters an existing law without making that law inconsistent with any provision of Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive) in a way, or to an extent, that it was not already inconsistent.

In Article 16, Article 18, Article 19, paragraphs (2), (3), (5), (8), (9) and (10) of Article 26 and paragraph (3) of Article 28 of this Constitution includes, in relation to an offence against a disciplinary law, a court established by such a law; and

in Article 16, Article 18, Article 19, paragraphs (2), (3), (5), (8), (9) and (10) of Article 20 and paragraph (3) of Article 28 of this Constitution, it includes, in relation to an offence against a disciplinary law, a court established by such a law; and

In Article 18, Article 19 and paragraph (3) of Article 28 of this Constitution includes, in relation to an offence against a disciplinary law, any person or authority empowered to exercise jurisdiction in respect of that offence;

in Article 18, Article 19 and paragraph (3) of Article 28 of this Constitution, it includes, in relation to an offence against a disciplinary law, any person or authority with power to exercise jurisdiction over that offence;

a naval, military or air force;

a naval, military or air force;

the Police Service of The Bahamas; or

the Police Service of The Bahamas; or

the Prison Service of The Bahamas; or

the Prison Service of The Bahamas; or

any other force or service specified by Act of Parliament to be a disciplined force for the purposes of this Chapter;

any other force or service that an Act of Parliament specifies to be a disciplined force for the purposes of this Chapter;